Because the hydraulic cylinder and the whole machine are connected by hinge, they do not bear the bending moment caused by external load, so the finite element model of the hydraulic cylinder can be established by using bar element.
The stick and boom are box structures. The modal of them is similar to that of the beam. Therefore, the beam element can be used to establish the finite element model of the stick and boom. At the same time, the finite element model of bucket is established by using plate element. However, using the finite element model of the plate element to calculate the dynamic characteristics of the shovel bucket substructure will cause the local mode of the bucket to mix with the mode of the whole structure, and the finite element analysis method is difficult to solve this problem. But the dynamic substructure analysis method can overcome this shortcoming. The specific method is to eliminate the local modes of shovel bucket substructure when forming the main mode set of substructure.
