The bucket tooth of excavator is an important and consumable part of excavator. It is a combined bucket tooth composed of tooth seat and bucket tooth, which are connected by pin shaft. As the bucket tooth head is easy to wear and fail, it only needs to be replaced. It is classified according to the use environment of excavator bucket teeth. Bucket teeth of excavator can be divided into rock teeth, earth teeth and conical teeth. According to the bucket tooth seat, the bucket teeth of excavator can be divided into vertical pin bucket teeth, horizontal pin bucket teeth and rotary bucket teeth. The method of prolonging the service life of bucket teeth will be described here for reference only.
1. Practice has proved that during the use of the bucket teeth of the excavator, the outermost bucket teeth wear 30% faster than the innermost bucket teeth. It is recommended to change the position of the bucket teeth inside and outside after a period of time.
2. During the use of bucket teeth, the specific type of bucket teeth shall be determined according to the working environment. Generally, flat head bucket teeth shall be used for soil excavation, weathered sand, surface coal, etc. Rock bucket teeth are used to dig massive hard rock, and conical bucket teeth are generally used to dig massive coal seams. Conical bucket teeth can improve the lump yield of coal. In actual use, users often like the general rock bucket teeth. It is recommended not to use the rock bucket teeth under special circumstances. It is best to use the flat head bucket teeth, because after the rock bucket teeth are worn for a period of time, the excavation resistance is increased and power is wasted, while the flat mouth bucket teeth always maintain a sharp surface in the wear process, reduce the excavation resistance and save fuel.
3. The driving method of excavator driver is also key to improve the utilization rate of bucket teeth. The excavator driver shall try not to retract the bucket when lifting the boom. If the driver lifts the boom and retracts the bucket at the same time, the bucket teeth will be subjected to an upward traction force to tear the bucket teeth from the top, so as to tear the bucket teeth. In this operation, special attention should be paid to the coordination of the action. Some excavator drivers often exert too much force in the action of enlarging the arm and sending the jib, quickly collide the bucket with the rock, or force the bucket to fall on the rock, which will break the bucket teeth, or easily crack the bucket and break the large and small arms.
4. The wear of the tooth seat is also very important to the service life of the bucket teeth of the excavator. After the tooth seat is worn out by 10% – 15%, it is recommended to replace the tooth seat, because there is a large gap between the worn tooth seat and the bucket teeth, which changes the fit between the bucket teeth and the tooth seat and the force point, and the bucket teeth break due to the change of the force point.
5. The excavator driver shall pay attention to the excavation angle during operation, and try to master it during excavation. When digging down, the bucket teeth shall be perpendicular to the working face, or the camber angle shall not be greater than 120 degrees, so as to avoid breaking the bucket teeth due to excessive inclination angle. It should also be noted that the excavation arm should not swing left and right under the condition of large resistance, which will break the bucket teeth and tooth seat due to excessive left and right force, because the mechanical design principle of most types of bucket teeth does not consider the left and right force design.
