The excavator can efficiently complete all kinds of gravity work because the hydraulic cylinder plays a role. As the core component of the actuator in the excavator hydraulic system, hydraulic cylinder is the last step to convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. If there is a problem with the oil cylinder, it will affect the normal operation of the equipment action and reduce the work efficiency. This article will explain the working principle of the hydraulic cylinder and take a fault as an example to explain how to deal with the external leakage of the boom cylinder, which is only for reference.
Hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic equipment that performs linear reciprocating motion or swing motion. It has simple structure and stable movement when doing reciprocating motion, so it is widely used in construction machinery and equipment. According to the structure, the hydraulic cylinder can be divided into piston hydraulic cylinder, plunger hydraulic cylinder and swing hydraulic cylinder. There are two types of piston hydraulic cylinders: single piston cylinder and double piston cylinder. The oil cylinder used in excavator is mainly single piston hydraulic cylinder. Only one end of a single piston hydraulic cylinder has a piston rod, and its two ends are oil outlet and oil return port respectively to realize two-way movement, also known as double acting cylinder. The excavator takes hydraulic oil as the working medium. The hydraulic pump converts the mechanical energy of the engine into hydraulic energy and transmits it. Then the hydraulic energy is converted into mechanical energy through hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motor, and finally various actions of the excavator are realized. The hydraulic cylinder is mainly composed of cylinder head, cylinder barrel, piston rod, piston, sealing device, buffer device and other components.
2. The hydraulic cylinder of excavator has external leakage of boom cylinder
The left boom oil cylinder of a crawler excavator working for 1400 hours has external leakage. After replacement and repair, the oil cylinder leaks again after working for more than ten hours. The maintenance personnel disassembled and inspected the oil cylinder and found that the external leakage seal was deformed and broken, and the installation direction of the buffer guide sleeve was reversed. The guide sleeve is installed in the opposite direction. When operating the boom, the guide sleeve does not cooperate well with the sliding plunger, resulting in hydraulic impact. The hydraulic impact continuously impacts the oil cylinder seal, resulting in seal damage and finally external leakage of the oil cylinder. Replace and repair again, install the guide sleeve in the correct direction and remove the fault.
