The cold winter is coming. For excavator users, in order to ensure that the machine can survive the winter safely, it is necessary to check or prepare the diesel, oil and coolant in advance.
1. Diesel
Common diesel grades can be divided into 0 #, – 10 #, – 20 #, – 35 #, – 50 #. However, it should be noted that these numbers do not represent the applicable temperature.
Applicable temperature corresponding to diesel oil of each grade:
Diesel oil grade 0#, applicable temperature above 4 ℃. Diesel fuel grade -10#, applicable temperature 4 ℃ ~ – 5 ℃. Diesel fuel grade -20#, applicable temperature – 5 ℃ ~ – 14 ℃. Diesel fuel grade -35#, applicable temperature – 14 ℃ ~ – 29 ℃. Diesel fuel grade -50#, applicable temperature below – 29 ℃.
If the ambient temperature is low and the diesel oil with corresponding label is not used, for example, if the temperature is – 8 ℃, the diesel oil is 0# used, the diesel oil of the engine will "wax" and the engine will not start.
2. Engine oil
During the operation of the diesel engine, the oil flows rapidly in the internal oil passage of the diesel engine, which plays the roles of lubrication, cleaning, shock absorption, rust prevention and sealing. Therefore, whether the oil can flow smoothly in the diesel engine is very important, which mainly depends on the viscosity of the oil. However, in winter, the viscosity of oil will decrease with the decrease of temperature.
In order to adapt to various ambient temperatures, the common viscosity grades of engine oil in winter mainly include 5W, 10W, 15W and 20W. For example, 15w-40 engine oil used by a brand of excavator when leaving the factory, where 15W represents the viscosity grade in winter. The smaller the number, the smaller the viscosity and the better the fluidity. 40 represents the viscosity label in summer. The larger the number, the greater the viscosity.
Note: the viscosity of engine oil is not the greater the better, nor the smaller the better; Too high viscosity will make it difficult for the engine to start. Too low viscosity may cause poor engine lubrication, so you must use the appropriate engine oil according to the instructions of the agency.
3. Coolant
As the medium of engine heat dissipation, antifreeze can not only reduce the freezing point, but also improve the boiling point. Therefore, the function of antifreeze is very important. Generally, the engine coolant is mixed with antifreeze and water in a certain proportion. When a brand of excavator leaves the factory, the ratio of antifreeze and water is 1:1, and the freezing point is – 35 ℃, which can be used in most parts of China. Moreover, the coolant used also has the function of anti-corrosion, which can prevent corrosion inside the engine.
It should be noted that after using the coolant for a period of time, the concentration will change and the corresponding freezing point will also change. If the freezing point is too high, the engine components are easy to freeze and crack due to the freezing of the coolant in winter, which requires the service personnel to measure the actual freezing point of the coolant with special tools, and then adjust the freezing point of the coolant according to the ambient temperature.
