Excavators often have various failures in daily use. Some faults can be repaired and handled by yourself. Some faults need to be repaired by maintenance personnel. Whether it is self maintenance or maintenance personnel maintenance, the excavator may be damaged due to the lack of experience in adopting the wrong maintenance methods. Before maintenance of the excavator, it is necessary to analyze the fault of the excavator. Some maintenance personnel are not clear about the structure and principle of construction machinery such as excavators or engines. As a result, it can not accurately determine the fault location and then conduct large-scale disassembly of machinery. As a result, not only the original fault was not eliminated, but also new faults occurred due to poor maintenance skills and processes. Therefore, when the machinery fails, it shall be detected by the detection equipment. If there is no testing equipment, on the premise of understanding the structure and working principle of the construction machinery, it can be judged by such fault judgment methods and steps as “asking, looking, checking and testing”. Finally, determine the most likely fault location. The “elimination method” and “comparison method” are commonly used to determine the failure of construction machinery. The inspection shall be carried out in the order from simple to complex, from exterior to interior, from assembly to component.